Basic Information
What describes you best?
Do you code as a hobby?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Employment
All Respondents
Men only
Women only
Where do the developers come from?
Zoom in to get a more detailed picture.
Hover over the individual markers to see the professional status of the respondents.
How old are the respondents?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Technology and Tech Culture
How frequently do you learn a new language or framework?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Which programming, scripting and markup languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year?
HTML/CSS is the most used language, followed by JavaScript, Python and SQL. Professional developers are more likely to use JavaScript and SQL. C++ and C are still widely useds to teach coding to students.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Which platforms have you done extensive development work in over the past year?
TBD…
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Which web frameworks have you done extensive development work in over the past year?
React.js is the most popular web framework. BUT see next question…
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Which other frameworks, libraries and tools have you done extensive development work in over the past year?
TBD. Most seems to be web frameworks? group with question above? -> It seems that Node.js is in reality more used thant Ract.js!
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Which collaborative tools have you done extensive development work in over the past year?
GitHub is by far the most popular version control tool. Slack is the most used business communication platform.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
 Â
** === add something about next year ===** Â Â
What is the primary operating system in which you work?
Windows in the most used operating system. Professional developers use MacOS and Linux more often than other respondents. Students are overwhelmingly on Windows.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
In which operating system would you rather work?
MacOS, Linux and Windows are practically tied as preferred systems. Professional developers have a preference for MacOS, then Linux. Students prefer Windows.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
What level of influence do you, personally, have over new technology purchases at your organization?
Unsurprisingly, professional developers are more likely to have influence over new technology purchases.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Q17. When buying a new tool or software, how do you discover and research available solutions? Select all that apply.
TBD.
Education, Work and Career
Q18. Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you have completed?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Q19. What was your primary field of study?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Q20. How important is a formal education, such as a university degree in computer science, to your career?
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Q21. From Q18, if you could go back and change your educational path (but end up in the same career), what would you change?
change_edu_21
1 Approach to learning
2 Business or graphic design
3 change my school
4 Combination of modules I select for the course
5 Curriculum
6 field of study
7 How I learned programming
8 How the courses are taught
9 I will change the course I chose.
10 I woud have added something else to my studies
11 I woud not go to university
12 I would change my programme of study to computer science, or software engineering.
13 I would select information technology
14 I would study Computer Science
15 I'd probably have studied general arts in senior high, then turned the Computer Science department ict labs into my playground in University.
16 I'll do electronic and electrical engineering instead of computer science
17 In the university at the moment
18 learn more independently
19 learn programming earlier
20 Master degree
21 Material engineering
22 More Focus on Mathematics
23 more practical work
24 My choice of course in high school because i was a visual arts student
25 My Choice of university of study
26 My Education
27 My final year elective courses
28 My tertiary institution
29 Nothing
30 Tech entrepreneurship should be a course to understand the business of tech.
31 The business course in secondary school
32 The learning platforms used
33 The non practical aspects of studies
34 The program of study. I would probably take a computer science course
35 Will advocate for modern trends to be taught
36 Would do computer engineering
37 Yes
n perc perc_label
1 1 0.007194245 0.7%
2 1 0.007194245 0.7%
3 3 0.021582734 2.2%
4 1 0.007194245 0.7%
5 1 0.007194245 0.7%
6 1 0.007194245 0.7%
7 1 0.007194245 0.7%
8 1 0.007194245 0.7%
9 1 0.007194245 0.7%
10 7 0.050359712 5%
11 4 0.028776978 2.9%
12 1 0.007194245 0.7%
13 1 0.007194245 0.7%
14 12 0.086330935 8.6%
15 1 0.007194245 0.7%
16 1 0.007194245 0.7%
17 1 0.007194245 0.7%
18 6 0.043165468 4.3%
19 6 0.043165468 4.3%
20 3 0.021582734 2.2%
21 1 0.007194245 0.7%
22 7 0.050359712 5%
23 6 0.043165468 4.3%
24 1 0.007194245 0.7%
25 1 0.007194245 0.7%
26 1 0.007194245 0.7%
27 1 0.007194245 0.7%
28 1 0.007194245 0.7%
29 52 0.374100719 37.4%
30 1 0.007194245 0.7%
31 1 0.007194245 0.7%
32 1 0.007194245 0.7%
33 1 0.007194245 0.7%
34 1 0.007194245 0.7%
35 1 0.007194245 0.7%
36 1 0.007194245 0.7%
37 7 0.050359712 5%Q22. How satisfied are you with your current job? (If you work multiple jobs, answer for one you spend the most hours on.)
Q23. Approximately how many people are employed by the company or organization you currently work for?
Q24. On average, how many hours per week do you work? Please enter a whole number in the box.
weekly_work_hours_24 n perc perc_label
1 0 2 0.009615385 1%
2 2 1 0.004807692 0.5%
3 4 4 0.019230769 1.9%
4 5 4 0.019230769 1.9%
5 6 7 0.033653846 3.4%
6 7 1 0.004807692 0.5%
7 8 6 0.028846154 2.9%
8 9 6 0.028846154 2.9%
9 10 4 0.019230769 1.9%
10 12 4 0.019230769 1.9%
11 15 1 0.004807692 0.5%
12 19 1 0.004807692 0.5%
13 20 6 0.028846154 2.9%
14 21 1 0.004807692 0.5%
15 24 2 0.009615385 1%
16 25 5 0.024038462 2.4%
17 28 1 0.004807692 0.5%
18 30 16 0.076923077 7.7%
19 32 3 0.014423077 1.4%
20 35 2 0.009615385 1%
21 36 1 0.004807692 0.5%
22 37 1 0.004807692 0.5%
23 40 55 0.264423077 26.4%
24 42 1 0.004807692 0.5%
25 45 9 0.043269231 4.3%
26 46 1 0.004807692 0.5%
27 47 1 0.004807692 0.5%
28 48 5 0.024038462 2.4%
29 50 18 0.086538462 8.7%
30 52 2 0.009615385 1%
31 54 1 0.004807692 0.5%
32 55 2 0.009615385 1%
33 56 2 0.009615385 1%
34 60 15 0.072115385 7.2%
35 63 1 0.004807692 0.5%
36 70 2 0.009615385 1%
37 72 1 0.004807692 0.5%
38 75 1 0.004807692 0.5%
39 78 1 0.004807692 0.5%
40 80 1 0.004807692 0.5%
41 84 1 0.004807692 0.5%
42 90 1 0.004807692 0.5%
43 98 2 0.009615385 1%
44 100 3 0.014423077 1.4%
45 105 1 0.004807692 0.5%
46 120 2 0.009615385 1%Q25. How often do you work overtime or beyond the formal time expectation of your job?
Q26. Do you think your company has a good on-boarding process? (By on-boarding, we mean the structured process of getting you settled in to your new role at a company)
Q27. How could on-boarding at your company be improved?
improve_onboarding_27
1 A little interview on the chosen choice of language
2 A standardized structure for onboard ding
3 Adequate funds for the right role
4 Assign mentors to newly assigned employees
5 Better background check
6 By applying more practical tests for the individual
7 By clearly defining the core functions of the various units/departments
8 By defining a structure in the first place
9 By establishing an HR Department
10 By improving the organisational structure to facilitate the work flow
11 Capacity building
12 Communication
13 Company needs to allow the organisational structures to work without interference and clear task to be assigned to new hires
14 Could have someone to take me through the code instead of having to understand it myself
15 Dedicated staff to handle on boarding process
16 Developing better internship systems for prospective workers
17 Documenting a structure
18 External trainings
19 Have orientation sessions before on-boarding
20 Having a standard onboarding process
21 I am quitting after nss
22 I don't know
23 I think just keep doing what they're doing will suffice.
24 I’m not sure
25 Improve the organizational structure
26 inclusiveness
27 It's great. Nothing comes to mind
28 It’s fine
29 It’s the best
30 Job positions should be made known
31 Let IT help desk raise tickets for each unit responsible for delivering into the process
32 more
33 More coding workshops
34 More documentation of code
35 More employment
36 More focus on developers
37 More innovation and creativity
38 More interaction with leads
39 More specific training to understand fully the role as opposed to general orientation.
40 N/A
41 Need new machines
42 No idea
43 None
44 Not working in a company
45 Observation through hard work
46 Orientation for new employees
47 Pair a new developer with developer skilled in his art within the organization and is willing to help
48 Proper documentation of existing softwares
49 Proper documentation of infrastructure
50 Providing mentorship and an enabling environment for learning
51 Retention of talents..
52 Roles could be properly defined and documented
53 Roles need to be well spelt out and every necessary document handed before start of work.
54 Scripts to set up devices, documentation of help new team members familiarize themselves with the different projects
55 Set the expectations on the role earlier
56 set up a tutorial on the stack being used, architecture and how the development cycle goes
57 Slower rollout. Everything happens too fast, so it doesn't stick
58 Structured Onboarding program
59 The best I have encounter, won't change a thing.
60 There is no nee for any improvement
61 Through IT skills
62 Through orientation
63 to employee more workers
64 Training in specific fields should be better encouraged
65 With some experience
n perc perc_label
1 1 0.01492537 1.5%
2 1 0.01492537 1.5%
3 1 0.01492537 1.5%
4 1 0.01492537 1.5%
5 1 0.01492537 1.5%
6 1 0.01492537 1.5%
7 1 0.01492537 1.5%
8 1 0.01492537 1.5%
9 1 0.01492537 1.5%
10 1 0.01492537 1.5%
11 1 0.01492537 1.5%
12 1 0.01492537 1.5%
13 1 0.01492537 1.5%
14 1 0.01492537 1.5%
15 1 0.01492537 1.5%
16 1 0.01492537 1.5%
17 1 0.01492537 1.5%
18 1 0.01492537 1.5%
19 1 0.01492537 1.5%
20 1 0.01492537 1.5%
21 1 0.01492537 1.5%
22 1 0.01492537 1.5%
23 1 0.01492537 1.5%
24 1 0.01492537 1.5%
25 1 0.01492537 1.5%
26 1 0.01492537 1.5%
27 1 0.01492537 1.5%
28 1 0.01492537 1.5%
29 1 0.01492537 1.5%
30 1 0.01492537 1.5%
31 1 0.01492537 1.5%
32 1 0.01492537 1.5%
33 1 0.01492537 1.5%
34 1 0.01492537 1.5%
35 1 0.01492537 1.5%
36 1 0.01492537 1.5%
37 1 0.01492537 1.5%
38 1 0.01492537 1.5%
39 1 0.01492537 1.5%
40 2 0.02985075 3%
41 1 0.01492537 1.5%
42 1 0.01492537 1.5%
43 2 0.02985075 3%
44 1 0.01492537 1.5%
45 1 0.01492537 1.5%
46 1 0.01492537 1.5%
47 1 0.01492537 1.5%
48 1 0.01492537 1.5%
49 1 0.01492537 1.5%
50 1 0.01492537 1.5%
51 1 0.01492537 1.5%
52 1 0.01492537 1.5%
53 1 0.01492537 1.5%
54 1 0.01492537 1.5%
55 1 0.01492537 1.5%
56 1 0.01492537 1.5%
57 1 0.01492537 1.5%
58 1 0.01492537 1.5%
59 1 0.01492537 1.5%
60 1 0.01492537 1.5%
61 1 0.01492537 1.5%
62 1 0.01492537 1.5%
63 1 0.01492537 1.5%
64 1 0.01492537 1.5%
65 1 0.01492537 1.5%Q28. How much is your monthly salary in Ghana Cedis?
Q29. Which of the following best describes your current job-seeking status?
Q30. In general, what drives you to look for a new job? Select all that apply.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Q31. When job searching, how do you learn more about a company? Select all that apply.
Q32. Are you a member of any other online/offline developer communities?
Q33. Developer communities you are a member of
which_dev_community_33
1 Accra .NET User Group
2 Aenics;Diversity Tech
3 Andela Learning Community
4 Andela Learning Community;DevCongress;Laravel Developers Ghana
5 Arduino developer community;Raspberry pi developer community;Stack Exchange;Tensorflow developers
6 AWS Accra Meetup;Hacklab Foundation
7 Azubi Africa;Python Ghana
8 Code
9 CodeHive
10 Codewars
11 Dev.to;DevCongress
12 Dev.to;HackerRank;GitHub
13 DevCongress
14 DevCongress;Developers in Vogue;Python Ghana;Women TechMakers
15 DevCongress;Facebook Developer Circle
16 DevCongress;Facebook Developer Circle;Google Developer Group
17 DevCongress;Flutter Ghana
18 DevCongress;Hacklab Foundation;Codnetlab;AIA
19 DevCongress;js space
20 DevCongress;PyLadies Ghana
21 DevCongress;Python Ghana
22 DevCongress;Stack Overflow;Clever programmer
23 DevCongress;Video Game Developers Ghana;Unity User Group GH
24 Developer Student Club - KNUST
25 Developer Student Club - KNUST;Creativity Group - KNUST
26 Developer Student Club - University of Ghana;Django Girls
27 Developer Student Club;Developer Student Club - KNUST
28 Developer Student Club;IoT Network Hub
29 Developer Student Club;PyLadies Ghana
30 Developers in Vogue
31 Developers in Vogue;Google Developer Student Club
32 Developers in Vogue;Hacklab Foundation;Developer Student Club - KNUST
33 Developers in Vogue;PyLadies Ghana;Facebook Developer Circle;DSG
34 Django Girls;Facebook Developer Circle;Andela Learning Community
35 Everything Javascript;Node.js;Vue js;Curious class
36 Facebook Developer Circle
37 Facebook Developer Circle;DevCongress
38 Facebook Developer Circle;DevCongress;Google Developer Group
39 Facebook Developer Circle;DevCongress;Google Developers Group
40 Facebook Developer Circle;Developers in Vogue;Google Women Techmakers Accra;Google Developer Group
41 Facebook Developer Circle;Google Andela Accra;Google Developer Group
42 Facebook Developer Circle;Google Developer Group
43 Facebook Developer Circle;Google Developer Group;CodeTrain;AVS devs;CWT;BSG
44 Flutter Ghana;Andela Learning Community;Facebook Developer Circle;DevCongress;Android Community Ghana
45 Flutter Ghana;Angular Discord;Knust flutter;SoloLearn;Flutter Ghana
46 Flutter Ghana;Laravel Developers Ghana;Ghana Developers Group;Andela Learning Community;UI/UX Ghana
47 Flutter Ghana;Python Ghana
48 freeCodeCamp
49 freeCodeCamp;SoloLearn
50 freeCodeCamp;Stack Overflow;Reddit
51 GADS
52 GADS;React / React Native Communities;Gophers
53 GDC
54 Geek for Geeks
55 Ghana Developers Network
56 Ghana Game Developers
57 Ghana ladies in tech;Facebook Developer Circle
58 GitHub
59 Github KNUST
60 GitHub;Slack;Stack Overflow
61 GitHub;Stack Overflow
62 GitHub;Stack Overflow;freeCodeCamp;Reddit;Dev.to;Google Developer Group;Hacklab Foundation
63 Google Developer Group
64 Google Developer Group;Developer Student Club - KNUST
65 Google Developer Group;Hacklab Foundation;Kumasi konnect;IoT Network Hub;Global startup ecosystem
66 Google Developer Group;Kumasi Tech Community
67 Google Developer Student Club
68 Google Developer Student Club;Flutter Ghana
69 Google Developers Group;Developer Student Club;Facebook Developer Circle;DevCongress;Hacklab Foundation
70 Hacklab Foundation
71 Hacklab Foundation;DevCongress
72 Hacklab Foundation;DevCongress;Facebook Developer Circle
73 Hacklab Foundation;Ghana Developers
74 Hacklab Foundation;Ghana Tech Lab;Ho Node Hub;Facebook Developer Circle;IoT Network Hub
75 Hacklab Foundation;Ghana Tech Lab;IOT Network Hub;Flutter Ghana;js space;Ho Node Hub
76 Hacklab Foundation;Google Developer Group;Facebook Developer Circle;Wikimedia Developers
77 Hacklab Foundation;iSpace Foundation
78 Hacklab Foundation;Laravel Developers Ghana;DevCongress;Google Developer Group
79 Hacklab Foundation;PyLadies Ghana;Google Developer Group
80 Ho Node Hub
81 HTU Developer Hub
82 icrate IT systems
83 IOT Network Hub;Ghana Tech Lab;Accra Power platform
84 Java Developers on linkedin
85 K.B.O. Dev Support Group;BarcampGhana;Ghana Developers
86 Kodex World(online whatsapp);Facebook Developer Circle
87 Kumasi Developer Community;Mozilla Campus Network
88 Laravel Developers Ghana
89 Laravel Developers Ghana;Hacklab Foundation
90 Laravel Developers Ghana;Node.js
91 Laravel Developers Ghana;PHP Loung;PHP Grammers;Flutter Ghana;IoT Network Hub
92 Matlab Users;Integrators ---LinkedIn;Python Data Science;Machine Learning;Natural Language Processing ------ LinkedIn
93 MEST
94 Microsoft User Group
95 Program-X
96 PyLadies Ghana
97 PyLadies Ghana;Developers in Vogue;IoT Network Hub
98 PyLadies Ghana;Developers in Vogue;Pycon Africa.;YAAW
99 PyLadies Ghana;Django Girls
100 PyLadies Ghana;MUG_GH
101 PyLadies Ghana;OpenSource Knowledge;GHTechNerds
102 PyLadies Ghana;Python Ghana
103 PyLadies Ghana;Python Ghana;Developers in Vogue
104 Python Africa
105 Python Cape Coast
106 Python Cape Coast;Code coast
107 Python Ghana
108 Python Ghana;DevCongress
109 Python Ghana;Developer Student Club;Women TechMakers;Hacklab Foundation
110 React Developers
111 She Code Africa;Python Ghana;Global Code
112 Slack
113 Stack Exchange;DevPost
114 Stack Overflow
115 Stack Overflow;Angular Developers;Real Python
116 Stack Overflow;GitHub
117 Stack Overflow;IIPGH dev community;company slack community
118 Stack Overflow;Microsoft Learn Student Ambassador
119 Stack Overflow;Spiceworks;HackerRank
120 Students Scholar Network
121 Unity forums;Game dev stack exchange;Gamedev.net forums
122 Zero to Mastery;Academind;Python Ghana
n perc perc_label
1 2 0.012121212 1.2%
2 1 0.006060606 0.6%
3 1 0.006060606 0.6%
4 1 0.006060606 0.6%
5 1 0.006060606 0.6%
6 1 0.006060606 0.6%
7 1 0.006060606 0.6%
8 1 0.006060606 0.6%
9 1 0.006060606 0.6%
10 1 0.006060606 0.6%
11 1 0.006060606 0.6%
12 1 0.006060606 0.6%
13 12 0.072727273 7.3%
14 1 0.006060606 0.6%
15 3 0.018181818 1.8%
16 1 0.006060606 0.6%
17 1 0.006060606 0.6%
18 1 0.006060606 0.6%
19 1 0.006060606 0.6%
20 1 0.006060606 0.6%
21 1 0.006060606 0.6%
22 1 0.006060606 0.6%
23 1 0.006060606 0.6%
24 2 0.012121212 1.2%
25 1 0.006060606 0.6%
26 1 0.006060606 0.6%
27 1 0.006060606 0.6%
28 2 0.012121212 1.2%
29 1 0.006060606 0.6%
30 3 0.018181818 1.8%
31 1 0.006060606 0.6%
32 1 0.006060606 0.6%
33 1 0.006060606 0.6%
34 1 0.006060606 0.6%
35 1 0.006060606 0.6%
36 4 0.024242424 2.4%
37 2 0.012121212 1.2%
38 1 0.006060606 0.6%
39 1 0.006060606 0.6%
40 1 0.006060606 0.6%
41 1 0.006060606 0.6%
42 2 0.012121212 1.2%
43 1 0.006060606 0.6%
44 1 0.006060606 0.6%
45 1 0.006060606 0.6%
46 1 0.006060606 0.6%
47 2 0.012121212 1.2%
48 1 0.006060606 0.6%
49 1 0.006060606 0.6%
50 1 0.006060606 0.6%
51 1 0.006060606 0.6%
52 1 0.006060606 0.6%
53 1 0.006060606 0.6%
54 1 0.006060606 0.6%
55 1 0.006060606 0.6%
56 1 0.006060606 0.6%
57 1 0.006060606 0.6%
58 6 0.036363636 3.6%
59 1 0.006060606 0.6%
60 1 0.006060606 0.6%
61 1 0.006060606 0.6%
62 1 0.006060606 0.6%
63 1 0.006060606 0.6%
64 1 0.006060606 0.6%
65 1 0.006060606 0.6%
66 1 0.006060606 0.6%
67 1 0.006060606 0.6%
68 1 0.006060606 0.6%
69 1 0.006060606 0.6%
70 3 0.018181818 1.8%
71 1 0.006060606 0.6%
72 1 0.006060606 0.6%
73 1 0.006060606 0.6%
74 1 0.006060606 0.6%
75 1 0.006060606 0.6%
76 1 0.006060606 0.6%
77 1 0.006060606 0.6%
78 1 0.006060606 0.6%
79 1 0.006060606 0.6%
80 1 0.006060606 0.6%
81 1 0.006060606 0.6%
82 1 0.006060606 0.6%
83 1 0.006060606 0.6%
84 1 0.006060606 0.6%
85 1 0.006060606 0.6%
86 1 0.006060606 0.6%
87 1 0.006060606 0.6%
88 1 0.006060606 0.6%
89 1 0.006060606 0.6%
90 1 0.006060606 0.6%
91 1 0.006060606 0.6%
92 1 0.006060606 0.6%
93 1 0.006060606 0.6%
94 1 0.006060606 0.6%
95 1 0.006060606 0.6%
96 5 0.030303030 3%
97 1 0.006060606 0.6%
98 1 0.006060606 0.6%
99 1 0.006060606 0.6%
100 1 0.006060606 0.6%
101 1 0.006060606 0.6%
102 1 0.006060606 0.6%
103 1 0.006060606 0.6%
104 1 0.006060606 0.6%
105 1 0.006060606 0.6%
106 1 0.006060606 0.6%
107 4 0.024242424 2.4%
108 2 0.012121212 1.2%
109 1 0.006060606 0.6%
110 1 0.006060606 0.6%
111 1 0.006060606 0.6%
112 1 0.006060606 0.6%
113 1 0.006060606 0.6%
114 5 0.030303030 3%
115 1 0.006060606 0.6%
116 1 0.006060606 0.6%
117 1 0.006060606 0.6%
118 1 0.006060606 0.6%
119 1 0.006060606 0.6%
120 1 0.006060606 0.6%
121 1 0.006060606 0.6%
122 1 0.006060606 0.6%Demographics
Gender
What Gender do you identify as?
There is a greater share of women among the students than among the professional developers.
Ghana’s developer community may become more representative in the upcoming years.
All Respondents
Professional Developers
Students
Do you identify as transgender?
Sexual orientation
Ethnicity
Do you have any dependents you care for?
All Respondents
Only Men
Only Women
